Đề thi giữa HK1 môn Tiếng Anh 12 năm 2021-2022 - Trường THPT Nguyễn Huệ

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Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage The Emergence of Megacities The urban shift over time has led to the emergence of the megacity – a city with a population of 10 million or more. New York City and Tokyo were the first (21) .......... megacities, both (22) .......... an urban population of over 10 million by the 1950s. But today they are (23) .......... alone in their size. In 2014, there were 28 megacties across the planet – from Sao Paulo, Brazil to Lagos, Nigeria and London, England to Shanghai, China – and all major global regions except Oceania are (24) .......... with megacities. Most of the megacities in recent years are located in Asia and Africa. In fact, it is where seven of wight newest megacities can be found and where 10 of the 12 (25) .......... megacities in 2030 will be located. From 2010 to 2015, Kinshasa’s population grew (26) .......... over 23 percent, and today over half of 11.6 million residents are under 22 years old. A (27) .......... of factors has led to this growth including migration from rural areas, high fertility rates, and widening of the city’s boundaries. The population is (28) .......... almost all support structure in the city (29) .......... the threat of food shortages, traffic (30) .........., and insufficient education facilities have become an obvious reality.

Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question A Tale of Two Cities: Seoul and Dhaka The city of Seoul, with a population of 10.3 million on 1998, forms part of South Korea’s capital region. As the capital city, Seoul has been at the center of South Korea’s remarkable economic transformation over the last four decades. In the 1960s, much of South Korea’s industrial growth was focused on greater Seoul, which by 1970 had 52 percent of the country’s industrial workers. The major contributor to this growth was rural-urban migration, which accounted for 50 percent of the country’s urban increase in the 1960s. This very rapid growth of Seoul’s population placed pressure on the city’s infrastructure, leading to marked growth in new settlements, increasing traffic congestion, and growing air pollution. This led the government to adopt a national decentralization strategy in the 1970s that attempted to divert industry to other areas of the country. In the 1980s, continuing efforts were made to decentralize economic activity. Dhaka’s population of 6.5 million is crowded into 360 square kilometers, creating one of the highest urban densities in the world. Unlike South Korea, Bangladesh has not experienced rapid economic change, and agriculture remains the major component of GDP and the main resource of employment. While general economic conditions have improved somewhat over the last twenty years, Bangladesh is still a very poor country. Dhaka’s rate of population growth has declined slightly over the past three decades, but it still remains among the highest in Asia (4.2 percent annually). The continuing growth reflects ongoing migration from rural areas to the Dhaka urban region. Recently, the city’s population has also grown as a result of the expansion of its administrative boundaries, a process that added 1 million people to the city in the 1980s. Dhaka’s growth has not been associated with an expansion of productive employment opportunities in relatively high wage areas. Instead, there has been growing employment in the low productivity, low-income sector, such as petty retailing or rickshaw driving.

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